Objectification Theory Essay example -- Psychology, Body Shame

Women are bombarded by images of a thin-ideal body form that is extremely hard, if not impossible, to emulate. Comparing themselves to these women can lead to feelings of inadequacy, depression, and an overall low self-esteem. (Expand on, need a good opening paragraph to grab the reader’s attention) Objectification Theory Objectification theory has been proposed as a standard for understanding the effects of living in a culture that sexually objectifies women (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). Objectification occurs when a person’s body is treated like a separate entity and is evaluated on its own merit, without consideration for the rest of the person. When an individual is sexually objectified, they are treated like an object that exists only for the pleasure of others and objectification theory asserts that women are uniquely subject to these types of experiences, especially in Western culture. Self-objectification (SO) leads the individual to create a third person perspective in their minds that they use to compare their physical selves to and in turn causes them to see themselves as an object instead of a whole person. SO also creates a form of self-consciousness, causing a habitual and vigilant self-monitoring of outward appearance. There are many cognitive and emotional consequences of SO. Among these consequences are increased body shame, increased appearance anxiety, and a decreased ability to reach high states of motivation. Many studies have shown that there is a positive relation between SO, body shame, and eating disorders (Mercurio & Landry, 2008). It can also be argued that depression, sexual dysfunction, and eating disorders are additional consequences. Depression is most often caused due to body shame an... ...ly asked them to name the color of the ink in which the words appeared; and the rate of their responses were recorded. The experiment completed by Quinn et al. reported that the women who wore the swimsuits rather than the v-neck sweater experienced feeling more defined by their bodies and increased feelings of body shame. It also took the women in the objectification condition longer to respond to the Stroop task, thus showing a decrease in performance. This split in attention could happen throughout the day with women in â€Å"real world† situations, thus hindering every day performance and possibly removing joy from their tasks due to a lack of complete immersion. It is also important to note that this experiment focused on a task that is in no way related to any gender stereotype, helping to rule out stereotype threat as an explanation for the results obtained.

Adolescence is a fascinating time of life

Adolescence is a phase of life that begins with the self-discovery of oneself and relationship with the world outside. It is a phase when children are finding themselves entered into adult life surrounded by turbulence and stress already stored for them. Freud captured the stage of adolescence in its delimited fascicule when he evoked; â€Å"Adolescence is fraught with internal struggle. Upon entering the ‘genital’ phase of adolescence, the child is bombarded with instinctual impulses that disrupt this balance. The ego is torn between the strong impulses of the id and the restrictions of the superego. This conflict makes adolescence a time of tremendous stress and turmoil†. (Recapp Online) The youths are swayed by the waves of society’s upheavals and parental hypocritical approaches towards their lives, making them to question their own identity. Jeffrey Jensen Arnett refers adolescence to as Emerging Adulthood where adolescents are slowly and gradually moving towards adulthood. It is a time when they are free from any social obligations and expectations and find themselves independent wanting to break from all bondages. It was in February 2008, court prosecuted 15 years old girl in an aiding and abetting manslaughter by filming happy slapping attack whereby a man was succumbed to death. Mr. Waterhouse was given punches and kicking by two youths 19, and a 17-year-old youth in Keighley, West Yorkshire, in the month of September 2007. Though the man was able to take a walk back to his flat but soon died. All the youths admitted to the crime and the girl pleaded guilty for becoming part of this atrocious act of theirs. (Porter, ABC News Online, 2006) Happy slapping incident has become quite common among youths, formerly originated from South London in 2004. The victims are hit, punched and kicked and all the actions are recorded by youths in their mobile phones or put up on the net to be enjoyed later. The trend of indulging in such violent behaviors have become quite common as revealed by the New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research. The Bureau’s director, Don Weatherburn reported saying that around 10 to 14 years old adolescents had become the cause of the serious concern for the law enforcement agencies. There was an abrupt rise of incidents from 175 per 100,000 population in 1995 to 487 in 2004. (Porter, ABC News Online, 2006) The above incident clearly shows girls more inclined towards violent behavior. Her mother has put all the blame on the binge drinking which has become very common among youngsters in Britain-a socio cultural compulsion for youths. But the story above lacks clear explanation of what motivated a girl to become a part of the crime. Was it due to drinking or a trend or some other psychological or social factor? Pearson linked the girl’s violent behavior to the social problem faced by them. She says, â€Å"Girls don't want to be endlessly told that they're nothing but sex objects with low self-esteem†¦; they are rejecting victimhood.† (Pearson, 1997) In the process of resisting sexism, girls have unfortunately â€Å"gotten hip.† (Pearson, 1997) Several studies have been conducted and several approaches applied to understand the increasing trend of the violent behavior among girls and Theories of Aggressive behavior is one among them putting forward the psychoanalytic aspect to the behavior problems among girls. News reported by April Simpson, in Boston Globe on 30th January 2007, changed our whole conception of how we perceive youth’s behavior. On one hand, adolescent behavior plunges us into the thought and on the other hand, the above news report shatters this myth. Many youths have proved themselves as responsible citizens and take violent behavior as a blotch on the society. Some youths from Boston, tired of violent behavior took initiative of starting a process of regular meetings with the police to bring law and order problems and several other issues concerning youths to the notice of Police and other city officials. In first ever meeting at the Tobin-Mission Hill Community Center, around dozen students participated and discussed their problems and the measures to control crimes with Thomas M. Menino, Mayor, State Representative Jeffrey Sanchez, Councilor Michael P. Ross, and area police officers. (Simpson, 2007) From then on, these meetings became a routine affair. Not just with officers concerned they also held the meetings among themselves to sort out measures to control violence they had been witnessing quite often in their neighborhood. This story does show youths shouldering responsibility to create conducive environment in their locality but this story does not show to what extent they have tried to address the problems and come out with the possible solutions and how far these youths were successful in their mission? Both these stories reflect contrasting shades of youth’s behavior. In the story above, where girls are too demonstrating behavior not conducive for them shows gravity of the situation our youths have involved themselves. Looking at the current social and economic problem, it is not surprising to see youths especially girls being carried away by the lure of status and societal position and bullying and brawling on roads along-with their mail counterparts. But it is also true their show of cat fighting is not new, and the main culprit is their role model in movie or TV soap, known as Script theory. As these are scripts only that create impressionable image of brawling girls. For e.g. Power-puff girls defeating their archenemy, Mojo Jojo, with hitting and kicking increases the likelihood that girls will also imitate them and see the bullying and aggressiveness as a means to resolve their problems. (Kirsh, 2006) Criminologists also state the exposure to violence at homes as the biggest reason for the youths especially girls to show their aggressive attitude. Lisa Broidy and Robert Agnew also point to the failed relationships as biggest crises in the lives of girls. These girls show their repressed feelings and grievances by shouting, yelling, hitting and abusing, in their own words, â€Å"Abusive and failed relationships are a major source of strain in the lives of many female offenders.† (Chesney-Lind & Pasko, 2004) For guys, violence becomes a means to show their macho power among their peers. Though socio and economic factors too count as the reason behind their adapting to the aggressive behavior but it is more of their hurt ego, which immerses in the form of violence. Many psychologists termed their criminal tendency towards Social-information-processing theory. Theory posits the view that â€Å"Youths engage in these mental processes over and over in real time during social interactions and that within particular types of situations, individuals develop characteristic patterns of processing cues at each step in the model. These patterns form the basis of psychopathologic tendencies†. (Psychiatry Health SE.com, Online) For e.g. if provoked, youths may resort to cues such as threats, show hostile intentions to others and adopt aggressiveness skillfully and successfully, which implies that they are more prone to adopt conduct disorder. It is the community programs and initiatives as demonstrated by the youths from Boston that could make some difference in the long run in the lives of youths prone to violence. Dr Toni Makkai, the Director of the Australian Institute of Criminology, called for more and more intervention programs to support young mothers and give them knowledge and skills to foster in their children their importance toward s society, address their problems with love and bring them into the environment of friendliness and care. (Porter, ABC News Online, 2006) WORKS CITED Arnett Jensen. 2006. Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall. Chesney-Lind, M & Pasko, L. 2004. Girls, Women, and Crime: Selected Readings. Sage Publications. Kirsh, S. J. 2006. Children, Adolescents, and Media Violence: A Critical Look At Research. California & London: Sage Publications. Pearson, P. 1997. You're so cute when you're mad. The Globe and Mail. 29 November, p. D3. Porter, B. (ABC News Online) 2006. PM – NSW youth crime on the rise. Retrieved on April 6, 2008. Psychiatry.HealthSE.com. 2004-2005. Social-Information-Processing Theory. Recapp. Developmental Theories. Retrieved on April 6, 2008 from W.W.W:  HYPERLINK http://www.etr.org/recapp/theories/AdolescentDevelopment/developmentalTheories.htm
http://www.etr.org/recapp/theories/AdolescentDevelopment/developmentalTheories.htm Simpson, A. (Boston Globe) Teens reach out for help against violence. Retrieved

Physician Assisted Suicide The Right To Choose Essay

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On April 13, 1999, the most recognized physician performing assisted suicide, Dr, Jack Kevorkian, was sentenced to ten to twenty-five years in prison for second degree murder and three to seven years for delivery of a controlled substance. Assisted suicide happens when a person commits suicide with the help of someone else. Physician assisted suicide is generally pain free and, as some would say, the most peaceful way to die. Should it be the right of terminally ill patients to decide if they want to seek out physician assisted suicide to end their intolerable pain, or should it be up to the courts? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Physician-assisted suicide occurs when a physician facilitates a patient’s†¦show more content†¦These laws are deeply rooted. In recent years, however, these assisted suicide bans have been reexamined and, reacknowledged. Because of advances in medicine and technology, people today are more likely to die in hospitals from chronic illnesses. Public concern and democratic action are focused on how best to protect dignity and honor at the end of life, there have been many significant changes in state laws and in the attitudes these laws reflect. Many states, for example, now permit quot;living wills, surrogate health care decision making, and the withdrawal or refusal of life sustaining medical treatment.† voters and legislators continue for the most part to backup their states prohibitions on assisting suicide. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;According to a recent survey taken by a Baylor College of Medicine professor in early 1997, some 44.5 percent of ordinary doctors said they favor legalization of Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS), 33.9 percent were opposed and the other 21.6 percent were unsure. The survey is the first nationwide examination of all doctors’ views on physician-assisted suicide. Those whoShow MoreRelatedPhysician Assisted Suicide: The Right to Choose2029 Words   |  9 Pagesyou know, about 57% of physicians today have received a request for physician assisted suicide due to suffering from a terminally ill patient. Suffering has always been a part of human existence, and these requests have been occurring since medicine has been around. Moreover, there are two principles that all organized medicine agree upon. The first one is physicians have a responsibility to relieve pain and suffering of dying patients in their care. The second one is physicians must respect patients ’Read MoreLegalizing Physician Assisted Suicide1140 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent society, legalizing physician assisted suicide is a prevalent argument. In 1997, the Supreme Court recognized no federal constitutional right to physician assisted suicide (Harned 1) , which defines suicide as one receiving help from a physician by means of a lethal dosage (Pearson 1), leaving it up to state legislatures to legalize such practice if desired. Only Oregon and Washington have since legalized physician assisted suicide. People seeking assisted suicide often experience slanted judgmentsRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?761 Words   |  4 Pages We Should be in Favor of Physician-assisted Suicide In a momentous decision released February 6, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that Physician-assisted suicide will be legal in Canada within 12 months. This deci-sion has caused a myriad of controversy. Opponents of physician-assisted suicide argue that the constitution recognizes the sanctity of life and no one has the right to end the life of another person’s. Supporters, on the other hand, argue that patients who experience constantRead MoreThe Ethics of Euthanasia Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pagesmisery, however in the state of North Carolina, physician-assisted suicide is illegal. Luckily, her father passed away this year and is finally free of pain and suffering. However, if physician-assisted suicide was legal, her father would not have had to suffer as long as he did. Before we explore the sides of physician-assisted suicide, let’s go over exactly what physician-assisted suicide entails. When the topic of physician-assisted suicide comes up, many individuals believe it is the sameRead MoreAdvocates Against Assisted Suicide Advocates Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesAdvocates against assisted suicide argue that the untaken medication will be dispersed to a larger group of people than just the terminally ill it was intended for. A little over 40% of the population of individuals that received life-ending medication did not even take the medication (Keown 172). Keown details a summary of the prescriptions ingested in 2015 as of this current January. All of the medications that a prescription was written for were carefully tracked and observed. The Death with DignityRead MoreExplanation Of Physician Assisted Suicide1262 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician assisted suicide has been legal in Oregon since November 1997. Over 750 people have taken adv antage of this law since it was passed. Many people think there is something wrong with such this and it should be outlawed. I will argue that there is no moral basis for the outlaw of such a practice. Explanation of physician assisted suicide Physician assisted suicide occurs when an ill patient consults a doctor and decides that they would like to end their life. Typically, the patient is prescribedRead MoreThe Right to Commit Physician-Assisted Suicide1685 Words   |  7 PagesThe Right to Commit Physician-Assisted Suicide Physician-assisted suicide is suicide by a patient facilitated by means or information (as a drug prescription or indication of the lethal dosage) provided by a physician who is aware of how the patient intends to use such means or information (â€Å"Physician-assisted suicide†). Physician-assisted suicide should be accessible to the incurably ill patient. Allowing a patient to have this freedom could, for one, bypass tremendous pain and suffering.Read MoreA Brief Note On Assisted Suicide And Suicide1062 Words   |  5 PagesAfter researching assisted suicide I have more questions than when I started. The definition of assisted suicide is very factual: suicide facilitated by another person, especially a physician, who organized the logistics of the suicide, as by providing the necessary quantities of a poison (The definition of assisted suicide 2016). After much research I have learned that assisted suicide is an option one has to make depending on their moral standards, w ill to live, and how they want to die ratherRead MoreThe Debate Surrounding Physician-Assisted Suicide Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide is the practice in which a doctor prescribes a terminally ill patient with a lethal medication as a form of active, voluntary euthanasia. These patients, rather than suffer slowly and painfully, often request this procedure as a means of experiencing a more â€Å"dignified† death. The debate surrounding this issue is a heated one, especially among the general public whose attitudes are deeply influenced by the level of patient pain and discomfort (Frileux et al. 334). At theRead MoreIs Physician Assisted Suicide A Good Idea?1464 Words   |  6 PagesIs Physician-Assisted Suicide a Good Idea? Imagine having a relative with a terminal illness; perhaps this person feels that his only option is assisted-suicide. Now, put yourself into his shoes. Would you choose to live the rest of your days in pain, or would you choose to die with a sense of dignity? Physician-assisted suicide has been prohibited for many years. Numerous physicians have given their input on the subject, enlightening a multitude of people on the fundamentals of assisted-suicide. Others

Characteristics Of George Washington - 1238 Words

George Washington was the first President of the United States and was the only one in history to ever be elected unanimously. Although he went in without notion of how the presidency was going to work in the new republic, he still served two terms without any opposition. This goes to show how truly intelligent and successful George Washington was as President. His personality, policies, and ideas greatly inspired the prosperity and evolution of the government, foreign policy, economic policy in America even for future generations, making him the greatest President in the history of this country. George Washington’s philosophy was an ideal factor in making the people of America fall in love with him. For example, colonists liked that†¦show more content†¦This could have led to many more riots in the country and one majority faction overtaking the American government because he was so admired as others might have copied him. Additionally, the people of the United State s knew that Washington was loyal to the country because he had been an honorable general in the Revolutionary War. This personality trait again made Washington trustworthy and people believe that he was a great president. He had the same interests and revolutionary values as the rest of the country because he also fought for freedom from an oppressive ruler. He made tried to make sure no soldiers were cheated by supporting the idea of â€Å"funding at par† or repaying bonds given to soldiers at face value. Even though this act didn’t successfully pay back the soldiers due to the selling of the bonds, Washington ha at least tried to help the troops. The large personality differences from both leaders also led many colonists to fall in love with Washington just because they had never experienced such a form of government and leadership.Being the first leader of the nation after such an inconsiderate,Show MoreRelatedThe Characteristics Of George Washington As A Good King9 06 Words   |  4 Pagescorrupt, and who could put the future of the country beyond his own desires; America’s future was reliant on a leader who had these qualities. Luckily, the first president, George Washington, acted as the â€Å"good king† America heavily needed. Like Hrothgar, a good king in Beowulf, George Washington reflects similar characteristics of bravery and prominence. Hrothgar, king of the Danes, is referred to as a reputable and respected warrior throughout the epic, which is comparable to Washington’s militaryRead MoreThe Ideal President1460 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity, The delegates from the Constitutional Convention were wary of unchecked power and were determined not to create an all-powerful, dictatorial presidency. Having just â€Å"fought a war of independence [from] Britain [and] the autocratic rule of King George III† (Janda 360), the founding fathers sought to find an individual with exceptional values to rule over the colonies. The delegates then decided to give powers to the president, but with limits and controls in the form of checks and balances. ThisRead MoreGeorge Washington : The French And Indian War1249 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Washington George Washington was born February 22,1732 in Westmoreland County Virginia. He was the first president of the United States and one of the most respected men of all time. After serving as a commander in the French and Indian war, George Washington was better equipped to serve as a commander in chief during the Revolution because of his respected nature and his newly found military tactics. â€Å"The French and Indian War was the North American conflict in a larger imperial war betweenRead MoreGeorge Washington s Servant Leadership1451 Words   |  6 Pages Therefore, in this paper, George Washington’s servant leadership styles will be analyzed and the significant of servant leadership model to the current business world. George Washington’s profile Born in 1732 in Westmoreland County, Virginia, George Washington was a general commander-in-chief of the then imperial army at the time of the early American Revolution. He later becomes the US first president between 1789 up to 1797 but later died in 1799. George Washington studied under colonial cultureRead MoreSynthesis Of George Washington849 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Washington Synthesis In 1789, when George Washington was elected president, he became an important figure who later impacts American history and future generations, because he symbolizes all the virtues this nation believes in and stands for. People visualize Washington as a hero for all his acts of bravery, leadership and dedication to the United States. He fought to build and expand the reputation of America. Washington’s mythology inspires America due to his morals, being highly respectedRead MoreBipgraphy of George Washington Essays1015 Words   |  5 PagesYes, George Washington was our first president so he had to be a good leader, but everybody struggles. Of course, this did apply to George Washington and he was still the best man to begin our country’s government. To discover the details, however, investigation and explanation is required. Born in 1732 at Wakefield Plantation in Virginia, George Washington became his father’s eldest of six children in his second marriage. His father did his best to provide him with tutors and private schoolsRead MoreJohn Adams And George Washington Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Adams and George Washington were two instrumental leaders during the American Revolution. Both men were quintessential to the success of the revolution in their own way. John Adams pushed the revolutionary agenda and George Washington lead the continental army. The methods for which they led our nation to success varied due to their differing leadership styles. In consequence, George Washington has gone down in History as a larger than life hero whereas John Adams has nearly been forgotten.Read MoreGeorge Washington Farewell Address Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesGeorge Washington, a very famous man known as the first President of the United States of America, was born on the 22nd of February, 17 32 in the colony of Bridges Creek, Virginia. (George Presidential Early Life sec.1 para.3) He was born into a wealthy, land-owning family and was a very political individual. Washington served as a Major in the Virginia militia and also fought in the French and Indian War from 1754 to 1763. In addition, Washington became a representative of the Virginia legislatureRead MoreGeorge Washington : The American Of American National History Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Washington stands at the origins of American national history. Many Americans call him â€Å"the father of our country†. Washington commanded the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War. He led the American colonists to freedom from British rule. He headed the convention that created the U.S. Constitution, as president of the republic Washington has created a basis for a federal government in which the Americans were able to find their national agreement. Despite his accomplishments as a generalRead MoreTh e Farewell Address Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Washington, a very famous man known as the first president of The United States of America was born on the 22nd of February in 1732 in Bridges Creek, a colony in Virginia. He was born into a wealthy, land-owning family and was a very political individual. George served as a major in the Virginia militia and also fought in the French and Indian War that occurred from 1754 to 1763. In addition, Washington became a representative of the Virginia Legislature where he was titled a commissioner

An Unkindness of Tradition Shirley Jackson´s Biography

Many people use literature as an outlet from their personal life, from the struggles and hardships they face day to day. They enjoy the unknown of mystery and the unrealistic; it gives them something to ponder and offers a way to discover an unknown world of imagination. Many authors take the different avenues in their writing. Some stir hope and optimism while others explore a morbid and daunting way of writing. A common form is that of suspense and mystery. Shirley Jackson takes mystery to a distinctive level. She depicts an era that has not yet been revealed. By looking at the background of this author, analyzing her writing and responding personally you will better enhance your learning experience and connection with this type of†¦show more content†¦By the end of her life Shirley Jackson’s life she had written over 100 novels, novellas, short stories, plays, children’s books, and television scripts. Her lifestyle and success led to her writing type and many of her works are still popular in today’s society. Her legacy is shown through the distribution of the Shirley Jackson Award. This is given to an author of outstanding achievement in literature of psychological suspense, horror and the dark fantastic by the Jackson family (Literal Media, 2008). Literary Analysis Suspense is a commonly used literary technique in short stories. This is the intense feeling the audience acquires while waiting for the outcome of events in the story. This device leaves readers holding their breath and craving more information and proof to uncover the resolution. The writer performs this to create the inability for the reader to put their book down. It is one of the most effective ways to keep interest. Suspense shown through gradual revealing of information is perfectly portrayed in The Lottery, written by Shirley Jackson. As the story progresses the author increases confusion and tension by foreshadowing future events. There is a huge amount of innocuous details throughout the story that foreshadow the violent conclusion of the lottery. In the beginning of the story you see children putting stones in their pockets and

Once More the Fallen Woman by Linda Nochlin free essay sample

Lost and Found: Once More the Fallen Woman By Linda Nochlin Linda Nochlin in â€Å"Lost and Found: Once More the Fallen Woman† points out how â€Å"fallen† in the male world means heroic inspiration for the most part but for women the term is applied to sexual activity out of wedlock, whether or not it is for her gain. It was often incorporated into writers and social critics’ work. This particular view was fascinating to nineteenth-century artists (in the middle years) especially in England. The theme was undertaken by Dante Gabriel Rossetti whose interest was so great almost to the point of obsession. He devoted a number of his poems and pictorial works to the subject. The painting, Found (unfinished), was devoted to the subject, occupied his time from 1853 until one year before he died. It was a work he could never put aside or resolve. Rossetti describes the picture to Holman Hunt on January 30, 1855 seemingly straight forward stating that it takes place in London at a street at dawn with lamps still lit. We will write a custom essay sample on Once More the Fallen Woman by Linda Nochlin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A driver left his cart in the middle of the street and goes after a girl who has passed him wondering the streets. When he comes up to her and he recognizes her she immediately sinks onto her knees in shame against the wall of a raised churchyard in the foreground. The male stands and holds her hands, which he had to take deliberately, which he holds in bewilderment and half guarding her from self-hurt. Rossetti states that these are the main things in the picture which are to be called â€Å"Found† and for which his sister Maria has found him a lovely motto from Jeremiah that states. â€Å"I remember Thee, the kindness of youth, the love of thine espousals. The complete implications and significance of the work and its relationships are â€Å"anything but straight forward†. This can be best understood best through examining 19th Century perspectives. Rossetti makes ideological assumptions in his attempt to invent the secular image of the fallen woman. He, and many others who were trying to depict this theme at this time, use the contemporary issues and pressing social moral as his background for the assumptions made about the female in his picture. This Pre-Raphaelite interpretation is examined by Nochlin against another work by Holman Hunt titled Awakening Conscience, which may be considered paradoxically contradictory. Nochlin believes this painting was inspired by another art work by Rossetti. The sources and the formulation of the work Found will be examined and the work will be considered in accordance to the artist’s personal history and relation to the meanings. Lastly, Nochlin states she is to demonstrate that Rossetti, being a poet and a painter, treats this theme of fallen women in his poems as well but in no way are relevant to the facial expressions and structure of the work. Nochlin believes that these two do not necessarily explain each other. She also says that Rossetti’s strategies were that of his time and did not look out of his period to draw the subject in this pictorial mode that often is called â€Å"literary† which is no more literary than film. For being a poet there is nothing particularly poetic or literary about this work of art or even any different from his contemporaries. First is the consideration of the fallen woman in imagery which is critical to read the painting. The visual precedent of Hogarth and Blake (poet and painter as well) were in the background of any Pre-Raphaelite who was conscious of being both English and moral at the same time in painting themes. Hogarth’s view was to punish folly and sexuality and Blake had an apocalyptic view of innocence as corrupted by the greed and the great city. Both had been softened by sentimentality and humanitarianism. If a woman was to fall from this, she could always redeem herself through repentance and subsequent integration into the family. The role of the family as a rehabilitation was highly important as it either the foil of rehabilitation or as the instrument of it in the imagery of women in the 19th century. George Morland in his Laetitia series of 1789 demonstrated the down fall of an innocent country girl. In the Fair Penitent

Lightning And Static Essays - Electricity, Electrostatics

Lightning And Static Lightning is a discharge of static electricity in the atmosphere, which causes a bright flash of light. When lighting goes through the air, it heats the air to degrees hotter than the sun's surface about 50,000 degrees fahrenheit. This heating causes the air to expand and contract. This causes the sound called thunder. Lightning is caused by a build up of negative ions in the atmosphere which discharges into the ground causing the negative ions to go with the positive ions in the ground. Static electricity is negatively and positively charged atoms. A static charge on the other hand is a individual atom with a negative or positive charge. There are three types of charges negative positive and neutral. Negative and positive ions attract. But two negatives repel each other, just like two positives will. Neutrally charged ions can attract to both negative and positive ions, because they have and balanced charge of negative and positive ions, this means it has the same amount of negative and positive ions. This is where the following rule is true opposites attract, and likes repel. Static electricity is generated when two different objects are rubbed together and some electrons are stolen from one object and then start to collect on the surface of the other object. The object that loses electrons becomes positively charged, because electrons are negatively charged and there is an absence of electrons and too many protons. Now because opposites attract and like repel the reason hair stands up when you rub something on it can be explained. When something is rubbed in a dry place, the thing takes electrons from your hair, leaving your hair with a positive charge it stands up as far away as possible from the other positively charged hairs. There reason there is little static electricity in areas with a high humidity, like the Virgin Islands, is because the humidity in the air is a conductor of electricity, so it helps trancfer the free electrons to an area that can accept electrons, like the earth so not many free electrons stay on any object that is saturated. Static electricity can be use to do many things, one of these things is keeping down air pollution by putting an electrode in factory smoke stacks so that the dust will collect on the electrode. Lightning and static can be hazardous. lightning is harmful, some people think it does not have any threat from a distance, like when a lighting storm is up to ten miles away. The most lightning strikes take place under the lightning storm where the rain is raining the hardest. Signs to tell if lightning is going to strike in your area are, If your hair stands up you hear static popping or crackling, and if you feel you body tingle due to ions moving through your body the static on portable electronic things increases suddenly, you smell the smell of statically charged air, or you see static sparks sparking in the air around you. Things to do inside to keep from getting hurt while in a lightning storm are, get away from doorways outside, porches, windows, and good conductors of electricity. Avoid phones that are not cordless and if it is a cordless phone avoid it if it is on the cradle. Do not touch things that use electricity unless they are unplugged. Do not stand near or lay on concrete walls. Do not use a metal building for shelter. And don't go into the basement because the electricity can travel through the ground. To not get hurt outside, go inside if you hear thunder, if the sky looks threatening, and stay inside for at least 30 minutes after the la st sound of thunder. If you are caught outside and do not have shelter close to you during a lightning storm, you should crouch to the ground, get onto the balls of your feet, put your hands on your knees, put your head between your knees, make yourself as small as you can, and try to have as little physical contact to the ground as you can. Static electricity has been known about for some time. Some time around the year 600BC the Greek Mathematician